Impact of Technology on Childhood

Impact of Technology on Childhood In this essay the various stages of technology impact on childhood will be discussed and how more and more children influenced and affected by media such as TVs, video games to the internet, and computers. Todays globe has been initiated by technology into the early childhood daily activities or education programs, thus you can find computers, internet, TVs and other technology components at any school ,household ,internet cafe or electronic play ground. Technology has the dark side effect on youth and children more than adults .For instance social behaviour disorder, child and youth obesity and health issues. However some parents believe that technologies are good for their children to learn faster and affect significantly on their education performance and it is essential in todays world. Consequently the negative sides of technology impact on childhood should be acknowledged and addressed regularly to the children through education providers programs and of course by contribution of the parents. To begin with that child obesity can be caused by over use of technology tools. Generally from beginning of childhood, most kids are able to get access to computer specially computer games at home. According to Donald (1999) 70% of households with children have TV based video games; however desktop based computers are not the only tools that children involved with. Laptop, I-Phone, PSP or handheld games are available to kids especially to middle school children. Technology use has modified noticeably in the past years, for instance any imaginable video games, online games where the children can interact with other kids and playing the same game at the same time consequently the hours per day that children are involved with technology are higher than the amount of time that they put in to completing their homework. Apparently youthful individuals are different significantly in their interest, some kids contributing in physical activities and sports, others playing video games are their main interest. Physical activity is required to the physical and mental healthiness of young people, and of course their self confident. Generally it has been shown in too many studies and researches that childhood are increasingly affected by their desire for peers acceptance which means children do most of their physical activity in groups rather than by their own. In fact spending time with groups which are supportive and active is one of the main inspirations to the kids to be active. Despite some people have their own point of views regarding reasons that affect younger generation physical activities, for instance some believe that genetics is the cause, some consider that its parents responsibility. In addition physical activity can be reduced after school hours as more kids interact and involve with video games, therefore they have less time for physical activity and sport. According to some researches that video games and PCs cause more deep focus and unhealthy postures in kids than doing homework or watching TV .In fact the risk of physical and visual disorders and obesity in those kids are greater than other kids who spent less time using technology. The other effect of the technology on childhood is the way how children response and react to other kids and their parents in the areas of understanding and good manners or valuing the respect of other individual. Generally these days mostly parents are busy with work and other life commitment during a week, so they have less time to spent time interact and communicating with their children fully, as result of that any kind of technology such as computer, internet and specially video games will replace guardians role because at least it would be safer for kids to stay inside house play video games rather to spent time outside and playing in neighbourhood with other kids. Furthermore, harmful social impact of technology, isolation that happened to some kids who grown these days and regularly using computer and video games is the other dark side of technology .In fact there is relation between regular computer use and poor social participation and sadness which can be warning bell to t he parents that any kind of technology may keeps their children away from them and reduce their parental interaction with them. Retail sales of video games came to $ 9.9 billion according to the annual U.S retail sales in 2004. In addition another surveys includes 70% of household with kids between 2 to 17 years old have access to internet and 68% have video games according to Woodrad Gridina (2000).Consequently when kids involve playing video games and especially violent one therefore politeness and empathy would replace by aggregation towards guardians, their parent or other kids at school thus they intent to upset or frighten others within school or community and often involves violent behaviour or aggressive actions. Admittedly we belong to an increasingly technology base community and children need to be informed, addressed and prepared so they can perform in a work environment and in a world where computers are basic tools of everyday life. Technology has positive impact on children development and educational performance such as communicational, ease of access of information and career benefits. For instance children do not just have to learn about other peoples backgrounds and values in a textbook, instead they can use the technology at hand, such as a computer and internet. This can help children to recognise the differences between cultures and resolve cultural conflict with others kids from different background that they may study together and work with later on; in addition technology improves the way children communicate with guardians and within community by technology tools such as instant messaging, chatting room and discussion board through internet. Furthermore, children who have access to technology specially computer with supporting activity more likely improve their imagination skills, structural knowledge and long-lasting memory, depends of what sort of information and computer exercise offered to the them and how often children able to work with computers in regular basis. Generally the main role of technology, especially computers at the primary level of childhood are significant as it can improve childrens mathematical abilities, creativity and critical thinking. Basically in todays world, technology and computer has significant impact and influences on people life, Consequently the kids who get appropriate and necessary training of the technology and computer will able to overcome difficult task that they have been given through school an continuously through their life to compare to the children who has less access to this resources or belonging to the lower level of society. Based on the information, it is clear that the high use of technology by children has a negative effect on their physical and mental well being. Child obesity in relation with technology is very high, and is an obvious cause of health problems in children. Also childrens social behaviour is negative impacted with high interaction of technology, they are encouraged to replicate violent behaviour and become self isolated. The negative impact of technology and computer use in early childhood development should be recognised by the education providers and parents so they can address them regularly to the early childhood programs to reduce issues which children can develop.

Welfare: Who Does It Benefit

What happens if someone was to lose their job? What happens if there is not enough money at the end of the month? What happens if someone does not have enough money to feed their children? Luckily, there is a program that can help these people that fit in these categories. The name of this program is called The Welfare Reform. Being on welfare is nothing to be ashamed of. Many people feel that welfare benefits the poor, but that is not true at all. Welfare benefits those who are in need of it. In today’s economy, millions of former CEOs, presidents of companies, and business owners are now suffering severe pay cuts.Now, they may not be able support their families financially like they use to. They might have to turn to being on welfare to help their families. This example shows that welfare not only helps the less fortunate, but it helps everyone in need. My primary focus of this paper is to illustrate how welfare helps everyone, and it is nothing to be embarrassed about. Welf are Reform: The Untold Story was a very informative article about the use of the welfare reform. This article discussed the problems with the welfare legislation.It talks about how some people are abusing the welfare system. Also, it talks about how the welfare system has helped other major programs. A program that has been helped by the Welfare Reform is the funding of child care. It talks about what prompted the need of the Welfare Reform. It provides data on how long people are usually on welfare. The article talks about how minimum wage, child support, and a rise in income tax credit have benefited the people on welfare. The article also explains why numerous people on welfare got off the program.It talks about how welfare has affected teen pregnancy. Finally, it gives the reader the advantages and disadvantages brought by the Welfare Reform. Robert Cherry stated that, â€Å"But the strong economy and funding provisions of welfare legislation led almost all states to enhance ch ild care funding, provide tax subsidies to supplement wages, and to fund educational initiatives† (Cherry 79). In this statement alone can answer my soul purpose of the paper. That purpose was does the Welfare Reform benefit the poor? This statement gives the answer as yes, but while doing so; the WelfareReform has helped millions of people who are not poor. Another great point Robert Cherry made was, â€Å"During the economic expansion, the vast majority of welfare leavers found paid employment† (Cherry 81). This explains, while the economy is doing great; there are numerous people that are on welfare who are getting off. To go a little further, if the economy is not doing well, this is what caused people to turn towards welfare. Once again, this has supported the idea that welfare does not just benefit the less fortunate. Has the Welfare Reform benefited the poor?Yes, but while the reform was geared toward the people who fit the poor profile, however, it has benefited the very people who look down on welfare. Single working mothers are a group that does not fit the poor profile, but the Welfare Reform has helped them tremendously. Robert Cherry supported my claim by saying, â€Å"Today, if a single mother with two children earns $13,000, she qualifies for an earned income tax credit (EITC) of $4,000 at the federal level, and $900 at the state level in a number of states†(Cherry 81). With the tax credit, which is a part of the Welfare Reform; their yearly income has risen to over $ 17,000.The book Evaluating Food Assistance Programs in an Era of Welfare Reform: Summary of a Workshop gives information that many Americans do not know about. The book talks about the different programs that are within the Welfare Reform. It also talks about the work requirements that come with being on welfare. It also discusses the funds that are set aside for welfare. To elaborate on the different programs, the book not only gives us the names of the program , but the book goes in detail pertaining to the programs. The book talks about the research that was needed, so that there could be improvements for welfare.The editors discussed a program called the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. â€Å"PRWORA emphasizes welfare to work concept, including time limits for assistance, strong work requirements, a performance bonus to reward states for moving welfare recipients into jobs, and increased funding for child care† (Evaluating vii). This shows that welfare does not mean taking care of lazy people. It is also saying that the states would benefit from those on welfare. This program gears to help people work, and to take care of themselves, so that is why there is a limit for assistance.The Food and Nutrition Service serves an enormous part to the Welfare Reform. The editors stated, â€Å"Today, the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) of the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers 15 food assista nce programs. These programs feed one in six Americans, serving as a natural nutrition safety net for millions of children, working families, and elderly† (Evaluating 1). This material proves that people, who work still, need some assistance. It shows that this program feeds not only the less fortune, but it feeds working Americans also.It also shows that welfare knows no upper, middle, or lower class, but it helps Americans as a whole. I know there has been a previous attempt to help people in need, but that did not work because how the money was distributed to the families. The editors supported my claim by saying, â€Å"The previous program, Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), provided cash assistance directly to children and their families based on need, income, resources, family size, and family structure† (Evaluating 1). The problem with this program was because the cash was given directly to the families.This maybe the reason why many Americans starte d to believe welfare was a waste of money, and the money was not used for the right reasons. This also caused them to use stricter requirements, and caused PRWORA to come up with something else to replace the flaws. â€Å"PRWORA replaced AFDC with the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program, which provides assistance and work opportunities to needy families by granting states the federal funds and wide flexibility to develop and implement their own welfare program† (Evaluating 1).The article Welfare Reform and Family Expenditures: How Are Single Mothers Adapting to the New Welfare and Work Regime provided information that I did not know. The article talks about the public welfare. It also put a light on single parents, but mainly the focus is on single mothers. The article gives graphs that illustrate single mother families, which the mother only has, a high school diploma. The graph also showed what kind of income was expected, depending on the other levels of education. The article also displays the xpenses of the needs needed in everyday life. The article also gives the reader a descriptive and multivariate analysis about expenditures. The authors stated that, â€Å"According to the U. S. Census Bureau (nd), the poverty rate among children in single-mother families declined from 54 percent in 1993 to 43 percent in 2005. This decline is due part to the economic boom of the 1900s and in part to such other factors as changes in tax and transfers programs† (Welfare Reform 371). This shows that while the economy is doing well, the poverty rate drops.This also shows that just because someone is living in a single parent home; it does not mean that they will be living inn poverty. I truly believe that the Welfare Reform does not encourage the welfare recipients to be on welfare. The authors supported my belief by saying, â€Å"A spate of policy changes in the 1990s shifted the focus of U. S. welfare policy from providing cash benefits for low-income single mothers to providing work incentives, and a range of supports for the working poor† (Welfare Reform 371).The government knows that life can be hard, and that is why the government created the Welfare Reform. The government encourages people to work, and to look for jobs. That is why government is making the attempt to provide help for those who need it. However, there is another side to the story. Receivers of welfare as a child has a negative outcome on the money earned as adults. People believe that the more welfare a young male receives as a child, the lower the same boy income will be as an adult.Living in a single-parent household while on welfare, the more likely a person is to have a criminal record. Also, many believe that children in households with higher income will do better in life. Some Americans believe that welfare encourages illegitimacy, and reducing illegitimacy is a more important goal in the Welfare Reform, than attempting to make si ngle mothers self-sufficient. It has been said that modern welfare is deeply flawed and misleading, and has become a recipe for a disastrous system of aid which harms rather than helps.Many believe that welfare reduces the work effort, promotes illegitimacy, and poverty prone single parent families. There are advantages and disadvantages about the Welfare Reform, but I truly believe that the good outweigh the bad. Millions have moved from welfare to work, and this absolute proof that welfare works for the better. But some critics does not believe that because they say a lot less people are receiving cash benefits, but a lot more have signed up for other programs, including food stamps, Medicaid, and disability benefits.Being on welfare does not determine what you will become in life. The Welfare Reform provides too many benefits for everyone; however, it is looked down by many of critics. Being realistic, everyone does not graduate from high school and college, for many different re asons; however, they do not need to suffer for that. Welfare is essential for providing aid for children. The true beneficiary of the Welfare reform is not the poor, but it is the children of America.

Marketing Segmentation of Tata Nano in India and Its Targeting and Positioning Strategy.

Contents Market Segmentation, Positioning, Targeting: A case of Tata Nano in India EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Targeting and positioning strategy of Tata Nano and recommendations for the company are given. INTRODUCTION: BACKGROUND: According to Howard and Sheth (1969, p. 70), â€Å"market segmentation depends on the idea that the company should segment or divide the market in such a way as to achieve sets of buyers† Historically sellers were engaged in mass marketing. They were into the mass production, mass promotion and mass distribution of one product to all consumers in order to obtain economies of scale. This approach of marketing segmentation made the producers to compete against their competitors in terms of products and services. Kotler says â€Å"the product differentiation is to provide variety to the buyers rather than to appeal to different segments†. DISCUSSION: CRITICISM OF MARKETING SEGMENTATION: When the size of the market is so small to do marketing When a brand is a dominant brand in the market. When more number of people falls in the same category. Most of the brands do not operate within the same segment. Certain brands cannot fit into a particular segment which is a drawback to this strategy. In very small businesses and brands this strategy will not work and it is not possible. CASE OF TATA NANO IN INDIA AND ITS MARKET SEGMENTATION: Tata Motors is the leading automobile manufacturer in India with a huge portfolio which includes trucks, passenger cars, buses, and utility vehicles. Even though there are many products from Tata Motors an interesting case of Tata Nano is discussed further. Generally Tata Motors follow the marketing segmentation concept and they have succeeded which already prevails in the history. Tata Nano which comes under the passenger car segment was launched in January 2008. India’s passenger car segment has been grown extraordinarily for the past four years and it was the clever strategy of Ratan Tata to launch a product in that segment. Heading to the marketing segmentation of Tata Nano is quite interesting. Tata Nano is specially designed and manufactured for the middle class and lower middle class people in India (Interview of Ratan Tata). Marketing Segmentation for Tata Nano: Geographic: rural areas, semi urban areas, small towns, large cities and metropolitans. Demographic: Age group: people of age group above 18 (as the legal age for driving in India is 18) Size of family: family size not more than 5. Psychographic and Behavioural: ANALYSIS OF TATA NANO’S MARKETING SEGMENTATION: From the above segmentation variables and how Tata Nano is segmented, it is clear that the manufacturer wants his product to be used by almost everyone in all geographic conditions. In demographic segment the income group of $220 can easily purchase this car is mentioned. But again they say this can also suit the people who own cars already for the sake of increasing the count which adds privilege to them as well as their status. Even in the occupation category, it is mentioned that right from students to any profession person can use Nano which again puts a lot of people in the category. TARGETING AND POSITIONING OF TATA NANO: Tata Nano’s targeting strategy starts from its tag line â€Å"The people’s Car† and â€Å"the world’s inexpensive car†. Tata Nano is segmented to the middle class and lower middle class people who had only dreamt about cars which also include the people who earn $220 per month. Their target customers are those who are extremely price conscious and have low latitude of acceptability. Industry wise they target the two wheeler industry, three wheeler industry (which are more costly than nano), public transports as well to an extent. Hence pricing is their most effective targeting strategy. (Admap magazine, www. warc. com/admap) Positioning of Tata Nano is solely based on its price which may also become a drawback to them in future. Tata Nano is well positioned which will be doing a marketing for the entire Tata Motors. As Nano will be the first car of many customers there will be a possibility of customers to follow Tata Motors if they have a good value for money product and good customer relationship management. As mentioned Nano will be the first car people will surely change their car and that might be possibly for another car in Tata Motors itself. Moreover Tata is also got a wide range of cars which are durable and better quality which suits Indian roads. (NDTV news) {draw:frame} {draw:rect} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} draw:frame} {draw:frame} CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: The marketing segmentation concept is a good strategy in marketing but not applicable for all industries, services or products. Nano is got a good segmentation and its well targeted and positioned. As Nano is targeting people with its price strategy, in future due to some inflation if value of money increases they might not be able to con vince their customers. Tata is a good reliable brand in India and now the positioning of Nano as the first car of many people will surely help them in growing their Tata Motors organisation. REFERENCES: Caroline Tynan and Jennifer Drayton, Journal of marketing management, 1987, 2, No 3, 301-335. Smith, W. R. (1956), â€Å"Product differentiation and market segmentation as alternative marketing strategies†, _Journal of Marketing, _2J (3), pp. 3-8. Baker, M. J. (Ed) (1984), Macmillan Dictionary of Marketing and Advertising, London, Macmillan. Haley, R. L (1968), â€Å"Benefit segmentation: A decision-oriented research tool†, Journal_ of_ Marketing, 32(3), pp. 30-35. Chisnall, P. M. (1985), Marketing: A Behavioural Analysis (2nd edition). Maidenhead, Berkshire, McGraw-Hill UK Ltd. Lunn. T. (1978), â€Å"Segmenting and constructing markets†. In: Consumer Market Research Handbook (2nd edition) (Eds. ) Worcester, R. M. and Downham, J. , London, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. (UK) Ltd. , pp. 343-376. Haley, R. L (1968), â€Å"Benefit segmentation: A decision-oriented research tool†, _Journal of_ Marketing, 32(3), pp. 30-35. Siddharth Vinayak Patankar, (2009), â€Å"_NDTV’s review of the Tata Nano_†, NDTV Profit Online, [http://profit. ndtv. com/2009/03/23220600/How-does-the-Tata- Nano-drive. html]. www. tatanano. inservices. tatamotors. com Joseph Sassoon, Admap magazine, www. warc. com/admap.

Assignment 1 for CS105 Essay - 1651 Words

Assignment 1 for CS105 Scenario: Jean, a former pharmacist, is now the network administrator for the LM Pharmacy in the town of Paris, Virginia. His duties include enabling the electronic transfer of information between health care providers (i.e., doctors and hospitals), patients, and the pharmacy itself. One of Jean’s most important responsibilities is to protect health information in accordance with federal law and the pharmacy’s privacy policy. On July 14, during a family vacation on Martinique, a small Caribbean island, Jean’s nephew Pierre is bitten by an exotic tropical insect and suffers a severe allergic reaction. From his knowledge as a former pharmacist Jean is aware that Pierre is at†¦show more content†¦And pharmacist did not notice that so nobody lose benefit from this action and there is no health information was revealed so nobody lose anything.So the happiness will increase ,it will be a good action. Conclusion: The Act Utilitarianism is for Jean ‘s action. 3.Rule Utilitarianism Basic principle:One action is moral only if when we expand it as a moral rule,and every one follow it,it will lead to the greatest increase in total happiness,(its universal adoption will cause the greatest happiness),it also foncus on the consequences of the action just as other Utilitarianism. Analysis the Scenario: In this case ,if we make jean’s action as a rule ,it made be:† We can use our power as profession and intrude the security system(which is against the ehtical code of profession) to the forge a prescription by ourselves to cheat the pharmacy and get medincine without going to see the doctor.†. What will be the benefit of this action ? we can save some persons’ lives in time when all the doctors are very busy or there is no doctor nearby or at that time.especially when the illness of the persons are very serious